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Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
Prefixesmeth-eth-prop-but-pent-hex-hept-oct-non-dec-
Suffixes-ane - single bond-ene - double bond-yne - triple bond-yl - Alkyl Group-ol - Alchohols (-OH Bond)-al - Aldehydes (=O Bond)-one - Ketones (=O Bond in the middle of the chain)-oic - Carboxylic acid (=O + -OH bonds)-oate - Ester
Alkanes - Single (-) CnH2n+2
Alkenes - Double (=) CnH2n
Alkynes - Triple (≡) CnH2n-2
methane - CH4ethene - CH2=CH22-pentyne1,3,4-hexatriene
HH C H H
C C
H
H
H
H
C C C C C
C C C C C C
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
2-methylbutane2,3-dimethylbutane3-ethylhexane
C C C C
1 2 3 4
C
methyl
C C C C
1 2 3 4
C
methyl
C
C C C C C C
1 2 3 4 5 6
C
C
C C C C
1 2 3 4
C
2,3-dimethyl-2-butene
C
HalogensF - FluoroCl - ChloroBr - BromoI - Iodo
Ether
C O C C
methyl ethyl ether
C OH
methanol (alcohol)
C C O
ethanal (aldehyde)
C C C
propanone (ketone)
O
C C C OH
propanoic acid
O
methyl
ethyl
C C C C
2-bromobutane
Br
Cycloalkanes
C
C
C
C
C
C
cyclohexane
1-cyclohexene
1
2
3
4
5
6
C
C
Br
1-bromo-5,6-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene
1
2
3
4
5
6
1,3,5-cyclohexatriene aka benzene
1
2
3
4
5
6
C
Cl
1-chloro-2-methylbenzene
1
2
OH
phenol
Amine
C C N
ethylamine
C C C N C
(N,N-)dimethyl propylamine
C
methyl
propyl
Amide
C C C N C
(N,N-)dimethylpropanamide
C
O
R N
R C N
O
Ester
R C O R'
O
R O R'
C C O C
O
methyl ethanoate
7-hydroxyoctanal
O
OH
propane
propene
Skeletal examples
Examples